(Be warned that the transcription process can take as long, if not longer, than the interviewing itself.) Second, the interviews themselves are conducted, and their results are subsequently transcribed.Interviewers also undertake any specialized training/preparations required. First, investigators design and plan the study, determining both generalized approach (structured, semi-structured, unstructured), specific technique, the research questions to be asked, and any practical, conceptual and ethical external factors to consider.Whatever approach the investigator selects, the interviewing processes itself follows several general stages: Qualitative exploratory interviewing, for instance, can prove a good compliment to more structured interviewing using closed questions later in an evaluation.Ī large number of more specific interviewing techniques fall under this broad taxonomy including telephone interviews, computer-assisted interviewing, elite interviewing, life histories, household surveys and Key Informant Interviews which are interviews with people who have particularly informed perspectives on the project. (Group interviews, including focus groups, and survey research require sufficiently specialized methodological approaches as to be considered separate from general interview methodology, although many of the fundamentals overlap.) In practice, these three approaches are routinely combined. Closed questions are avoided, and the interviewee is often asked to identify the information they feel is most important for the discussion. Unstructured interviews take the form of natural conversation between two or more people, and allow the interviewer to pursue follow-up questions or new lines of discussion as they see fit. Unstructured interviews – also known as ‘informal’ or ‘conversational’ interviews – are wholly qualitative, and include only topic areas and themes rather than standard questions.Semi-structured interviews also rely on a combination of both open and closed questions. The interviewers is thus free to leave certain questions out, mix the order of questions, or ask certain standard questions in different ways depending on context. Semi-structured interviews center around a mixed framework of general themes and pre-established questions, which can be adapted in the context of individual sessions.Structured interview questions are the most common type used in surveying interviewing. All questions included in the research design are asked in each interview session. Each individual interview features the same set of questions, asked in a fixed order. These questions usually have pre-set answers from which the interviewee selects, rather than ‘open-ended’ questions. In structured interviews, the interviewer presents the interviewee with a standardized set of questions, often in questionnaire form. Structured interviews are most typically used in quantitative investigations, including survey research.There are many different types of interview approaches and techniques, Generally speaking, all interviews fall into one of three categories: structured, semi-structured, and depth/unstructured interviews. A focus group is a type of group interview designed to explore peoples attitudes.
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